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The Tsunami of Designer Drugs Part 2

Articles, Australia, International, Understanding Addiction

What do you have when your product is easy to make, perfectly legal to sell and distribute, highly addictive and very appealing to wide range of demographics? A goldmine. One that has been shut close since, but just a few years ago the reign of synthetic drugs were felt across the globe. The result of it can still be seen and felt by millions who got hooked because of them. But why would people jump at the chance to get some of these drugs, if they are so obviously bad for you? Clever marketing.

Secrets of the trade.

All that is needed for a new type of product to succeed in the volatile drug market is for everyone to buy it at least once. If a new flavor soda comes out, and everyone buys at least one of them to try it, it already made its money back, if not more. The people who enjoy it and continue to purchase the product is just a good bonus, but usually not the main focus. The designer drug world was cannibalizing conventional marketing techniques to further their goals. So now, drug industry had professional chemists, savvy lawyers and genius marketing specialists to boot! That is a scary thought, is it not?

Peak rise.

Over time, people started getting wise, though. The promises that “this new stuff is the bomb man, and it’s perfectly safe too” just did not cut anymore. There were plenty of high-profile overdoses of this presumably safe party drug and media descended on the synthetic drug industry like vultures, picking it apart and finally educating people about the dangers of their use. It took a fair amount of overdosing and aggravated assaults for people to start coming to their senses.

One such case stood out above them all, though – the infamous “Miami zombie”. The dramatic name was given by media to a troubled young man who was shot dead by police while under presumed influence of bath salts. Later research revealed that he had noted mental illnesses as well, which sure did not help during the delirium that this drug can bring to the surface. The man was spotted seemingly cannibalizing another man – a homeless person. The assailant was identified as Rudy Eugene and has been confirmed to be chewing on the unconscious homeless man’s face when police arrived at the scene. The victim, Ronald Poppo was later confirmed to have lost almost 80% of his facial skin, evidently chewed and ripped off by the assailant. When police arrived and shot Rudy dead when he refused to comply, the homeless man was hospitalized and lived, even though he was left permanently disfigured and lost sight in both eyes.

Turncoats and imitators.

It did not take long for the synthetic drug dealers to realize, that this kind of publicity is not good for business, so during their continuous re-marketing and re-branding process, they made sure to label their new products as safe to consume and non-addictive. This drove already hooked and apprehensive people to them in large quantities. Returning to our early comparison with a new flavor of your favorite soda, everyone was eager to try the new stuff out.

At this time, a new and untapped market emerged. For those who were too smart to snort unknown chemical powders by the handful a new type of product was brought forward to appeal to this kind of demographic – the now infamous “Spice”, implied to be legal marijuana. Officially it was sold as incense but it did not take long for everyone to catch on, why suddenly head-shops had started selling incense. It was a dangerous mixture of various types of plants, usually soaked in dangerous chemicals that are the actual drug. The plant matter is just a disguise and a method of delivery. There are plenty of marijuana advocates out there, but they still don’t wish to break the law. Medical marijuana is becoming decriminalized in more and more countries around the globe and in many states in the US, but that was not the case just a few years ago. For the aspiring pothead to get their “weed”, they still had to break the law and thus synthetic marijuana or “spice” was a no-brainer choice. This decision often lead to brain damage, respiratory arrest, stroke and heart failures.

Three things all these synthetic “legal” drugs had in common.

  1. They are marketed as safe because they are “legal”.
  2. They had short shelf life and were made to be sold as many as possible before that particular product was banned.
  3. They are highly addictive despite openly being marketed as non-toxic and extremely detrimental to human organism and its functions.

Aftershock.

These chemicals, be it in spice or bath salts – they are all dangerous. Studies revealed that a bath salts user of only two months had the same amount of damage to his mental capacity and bodily functions as 6 months of methamphetamine abuse. The neverending stream of overdoses and particularly violent and grotesque assaults later, a federal law was passed by president Barack Obama in mid-July of 2012, that effectively banned all “legal” highs, bath salts and spice included. This law banned more than 30 already identified synthetic drug compounds and pre-emptively included their variations and analogs – substances that are different in composition but affect the end user in very similar ways.

 

So what happened to those metric tons of pre-manufactured spice and bath salts? Most were seized and destroyed, but a large amount of it is still available on the table, just like cocaine, meth, heroin and all other illegal drugs. There are still countless addicts out there struggling to keep their life together after they were convinced that this new high will not get them hooked. People are gullible and hear what they want to hear, but they are still people with dreams and future plans. Most of these plans are shattered to splinters, but with professional help it is possible to salvage their lives and put them together even better, having learned the bitter lesson. Do not hesitate to seek help today, if you suffer from addiction and its side-effects.

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The Tsunami Of Designer Drugs

Articles, Australia, International, Understanding Addiction

What is it, that makes illegal drugs so hard to get? The answer is in the question and quite obvious – because they are illegal. The drug industry has grown and moved on from the old days of smuggling trucks filled with cocaine “a la Pablo Escobar”. Most self-respecting governments have cracked down on drug abuse and its illegal production and distribution rings. Long gone are the days when a drug manufacturer had dirt under his nails from farming and a small collection of household chemicals to refine the crop in the slopes of Colombia. Law has been becoming increasingly strict towards illegal production and sale of drugs, and with it, the drugs have risen in price because it is now more dangerous than ever to produce “organic” drugs. The farmers got an education, swapped their sunhats for face masks and goggles while working in labs most research facilities could only dream of. Drug dealers have become lawyers looking for loopholes in drug laws. It is the age of designer drugs and none of them have become more infamous in the recent years as the “Bath Salts”.

What are Bath Salts?

To put it simply, it’s a term used to broadly describe designer drugs that mimic amphetamines and cocaine effects on the human brain. Drug distributors got smart. Why make and sell an illegal drug, that has been classified, researched and placed “in a frame”, if you can pay an aspiring chemist a modest sum of money to put together a chemical, that is completely different in its build from the “real deal” but effects are the same, if not stronger?

The term “bath salts” came from the practice of selling these highly dangerous substances as actual bath salts or in some cases plant feeder mix. The dealers and chemists realized that branding your product with the label “DRUGS” is a social suicide as the majority of sane people realize that drug use is detrimental and physically dangerous. So they started selling these seemingly innocent products under disguise and those who were in the know understood what they are for. When you bought a gram of bath salts, they often provided you with a glass straw for crying out loud, so the general society caught on pretty fast and the governments got busy raiding these laboratories and distribution centers only to be met by a brick wall. A wall with letters THE LAW on it. They took the law that condemned their business practices and turned it around to work for them instead. You see, even though these chemicals affect the human brain in almost identical ways to illegal drugs, their composition is different and therefore they are not the same substance and cannot be classified as illegal. Well, not right away at least. So all the seized chemicals, lab equipment and people working with them had to be released because the law had no grounds to detain them.

The law caught up with them rather quick after this, new laws were passed and the new designer drug was outlawed. For a while. Once again the drug world was ahead of the law and made some minor changes to the formula of the drug and the resulting substance was once again completely legal because its composition was yet again different from that of the previous version of the drug. This tango continued for years, a new law was made to outlaw the latest version of the drug, a month later a new version of this drug would appear on store shelves. Beauracracy and the lengthy time required to pass new laws meant that the creators of designer drugs simply bought extra time to sell their drugs as much as possible before a new type of drug had to be synthesized.

What are designer drugs?

I have mentioned this term a few times already. Most drugs that we all know come from some kind of plant or a combination of existing chemical cocktails. Cocaine is produced from the coca plant leaves, heroin is made from poppy plants. These drugs were discovered rather than invented. The active substances in these plants developed in nature and humans simply discovered them and abused them for recreational use. Designer drugs are different. They are usually made from various chemicals and put together with a specific effect in mind. Much like pharmaceutical companies make a new pill for that headache, designer drug chemists make a new drug to mimic the effects of cocaine, for example.

 

Designer drugs are a menace. A very smart and adaptive menace at that, because it is so hard to nail it to the wall, so to speak. Every time a type of designer drug is classified and outlawed, it is altered until it is no longer illegal.

Join us in our next article, where we will examine the differences of long term abuse between conventional and designer drugs, as well as confirm if traditional rehab practices cater for such addictions.

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Reasons To Get Sober And Stay Sober

Articles, Australia, International, Understanding Addiction

There comes a day in any addicts life when there is just nowhere left to go but up. Rock bottom, they call it. Most addicts realize things need to change only when they reach this stage. Some come to their senses sooner, but that is a very rare. Either way, a reason to become sober has to be found. No addict will ever become sober “just because”, there are always a few reasons that trigger the will to change and provide the drive to persevere through the difficulties of the path to recovery. Here are a few good reasons that any addict should contemplate and consider kicking their bad habits.

Change

The broadest of all good reasons to become sober. Seems only fitting, to begin with it. When you take a step back and look at your life from the outside, what do you see? Most of the time it is not a pleasant view. Looking back, the road you took is often littered with people you hurt and cheated, wasted potential and broken promises. Getting sober to turn this around and simply being better is a great reason.

Memories

When most of your days are spent in a haze of drug-induced euphoria or simply erased from memory by drinking yourself into a stupor there is very little to show for it. The brain doesn’t register and store memories if it is overwhelmed by various chemicals that induce visions and dreams. Same goes for when you have used so much that you just pass out until the next day if you are lucky. Prolonged abuse even reaches back and slowly erodes dear and cherished memories of friends and family, from the time when you were happy. From the time when they were with you.

Parenthood

It is a truly harrowing feeling, that moment when you realize you have failed as a parent. If your years of drug abuse has not erased your childhood memories yet, you remember what it was like to have a mother, a father, and understand, that your own children will never have that kind of memories if you don’t stop. They have to be self-reliant because your addiction has made sure you miss school events, they have to pack their own lunch, their hygiene lacking because you didn’t even notice their dirty clothes or unkempt hair. All that mattered was the next hit. To better your children’s lives is any parents duty, the only duty, really. If an addiction has come between you and this most important of parental responsibilities, it is quite obvious what needs to be done.

Love

Do you remember what it was like to be looked at by your significant other with passion, love, and desire? Most likely these days they look at you with pity, sadness and perhaps even contempt. How could they not? They married a different person, one that could take care of themselves and did not act a fool in public and among friends. Perhaps abusive attitude drove a wedge between you and now they are just putting up with you, for whatever reason. Ever think they would be better off without you dragging them down? Wasting their years as much as you do your own. Being a better spouse is a great reason to become sober, no one should suffer due to your bad decisions, least of all people who love you.

Providing

Any addict will tell you, having a “hobby” like that is not cheap. In the case of drugs, most of them are highly illegal which allows for the dealers to set the price. In the case of alcohol, damage done to your health as well as personal and public property does not come cheap to fix or replace. Most addicts will sell their most prized possessions, often even those of friends and family, just to get that one more bump, just to stop the pain, judgment and self-loathing. This means that your spouse and children can not trust you to provide for them and their future. No education, no summer camps, no Christmas, no anniversaries, no vacations. The list goes on. Getting sober to provide and secure the future of your family is paramount. If when you look at your own family, can you honestly be proud and say that you have done well by them? Didn’t think so.

 

These and much more are great reasons to become sober. But it is important to understand, that these are just catalysts for this transformation. You need to want it for yourself as well, as a human being you must want to live, love and lead a normal life. None of which are possible when addiction gets in the way. Do not hesitate to seek help, from loved ones, from friends and specially trained professionals. Becoming sober is a long road, and every road begins with the first step. Take yours today.

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Steps Towards Addiction

Articles, Australia, International, Understanding Addiction

We all use drugs at some point. Do you like herbal tea? Yep, you are a drug addict. Well, according to most people. People who don’t know any better, so don’t be one of those people and let us at Dara Rehab teach you something new.

Not everyone who uses a drug is a drug addict. Lesson over? Far from it, as we could argue about what is and isn’t “drug” until we are blue in the face, but we shan’t do that today. There are various medicines that are by definition drugs, that people use regularly and yet do not fall victim to addiction. There are many different drugs out there, most illegal and as a rule of thumb, if the drug is illegal it is also highly addictive and unhealthy. However, there is also a very long list of drugs that are perfectly legal, some even without prescription that could eventually lead you to the clutches of addiction. So let us have a look at various stages of drug use and what it takes to become addicted.

Drug experimentation

This is the first and most innocent stage of drug use. Be it a prescription drug like Oxycodone or perhaps something less legal like cocaine or methamphetamines. At this stage, it is nothing more than drug use, as the negative effects of these drugs have not set in. It could be a one-off or a perhaps a couple of times, to try it, experiment with it or just being pressured into doing it by friends or other peers.

Drug misuse

At this stage, the innocent “I just wanted to try it” excuse goes right out of the window. If you have tried an illegal drug more than just once or twice, you are already at this stage. If you have a prescription for some painkillers and you break the recommended dose or schedule of intake set by your physician or a doctor, you are also considered to be misusing the drug. If there are any negative effects of using a drug, it is considered a misuse. It could be anything from being pulled over while driving under influence or making a fool out of yourself while drunk at a party.

Drug abuse

This stage is already very easy to identify. Both in yourself and in others. If you could perhaps talk your way out of judgment from others in the drug misuse stage, drug abuse is as clear cut as it gets. In this stage, the drug is quite literally abused. Its use has become either a regular occurrence or moved to binge use. If you find yourself blacking out at parties and waking up hours later in some dirty public toilet, it is pretty clear you have been abusing your alcohol. People who are abusing drugs are missing appointments, neglect friends, and loved ones and start to exhibit health issues but continue to use regardless.

Drug Addiction

The last and final stage sets in and can be differentiated from the previous ones when the user has developed a distinct dependence of the drug and feels like he cannot live without it. Any idea of controlled use is abandoned and the user needs as much and as often as possible. Everything else either matters very little or not at all. This stage is where a lot of addicts realize that their hobby has gone out of hand and may attempt to reduce the frequency or amounts of use, but ultimately fail. They have developed a strong tolerance for the drug of their choice and as a result need ever-increasing amounts of it. Despite spending ridiculous amounts of money only to feel normal, they still do it. They know it costs them their future, life, relationships, and dignity, but they either don’t want to stop or simply cannot stop due to severe withdrawal symptoms. In some cases, stopping could mean death, as is the case with chronic alcoholics. If people who misuse drugs can be simply talked to and convinced of the error of their ways, a hardcore addict will just nod and dream of the next time he can shoot up or have another drink. Their brain has been rewritten and is no longer able to function without the substance. Professional help is paramount and needs to be sought out as soon as possible. Most addicts want to get clean but are unable to do it on their own. Their best bet at sober and happy life is to check in an inpatient rehabilitation center and finish a detox period and then a rehabilitation course. They need to be taught how to live like normal people and reintegrate in the society. Many of them have been addicts for so long, that even basic social skills and concepts have to be taught anew.

 

Being an addict is not the end of the world. At worst case scenario it is an end of the world that just never ends. Stop this downwards spiral today and seek help to get back on your feet and turn your life around. You have the right to be happy, sober and functioning human being, just like anyone else. Look at yourself and try to identify, at what stage are you? What stage seems familiar when you think of your friends or family? There is time to do something about it.

 

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Mindfulness in Addiction Treatment

Articles

by

Hannah Courtauld

BA (Hons) Psychology

Focal counsellor at DARA

The more experience I get working as an addictions counsellor, the more I am convinced that learning to be mindful is key to a successful recovery.

AUTOPILOT

Have you ever sat down to eat a meal, and before you know it, you’ve demolished the whole thing without thinking? How about getting behind the wheel, and then reaching your destination without remembering anything about the journey? Don’t worry, most people have. These are classic examples of mindlessness, or when our brain goes into “automatic pilot”.

In active addiction, the mind is often on automatic pilot – the individual goes from one “hit” to the next, often not even noticing the process that occurs between the trigger and the reward. They may find themselves using or taking part in addictive behaviour when they didn’t want to, but they just go through the motions anyway.

If you can relate, mindfulness may help you. Why? Because mindfulness is the opposite of mindlessness.

But what, really, is being mindful all about?

Mindfulness originated in ancient Eastern religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Tao. In Buddhism specifically, it was seen as a kind of memory and presence of mind, and used as a practice to contemplate the mind, body and feelings.

The man that brought mindfulness into the scientific spotlight of the West, Jon Kabbat Zinn, describes mindfulness as:

 

‘Paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally.’

Okay, so let’s break that down.

Paying attention. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines attention as, ‘the act or state of applying the mind to something’, and ‘a condition of readiness for such attention involving narrowing or focusing of consciousness and receptivity.’

So when we are being mindful, we are involved in the act of applying our mind to something, a process which involves focused consciousness.

It’s on purpose. That means making an effort to do the above.

In the present moment. That means letting go of future worries and past regrets. The only thing that matters in mindfulness is whatever is right here, right now.

Non-judgementally. That means no right or wrong; no good or bad; that means acceptance of whatever is.

So what, you can just do it, anytime, anywhere?

Yes. The beauty of mindfulness practice is that all you need is your mind. There are so many ways of being mindful, sometimes it’s easy to overcomplicate it. Why don’t you try this short, easy exercise for yourself?

Just allow yourself to be still for a few moments. Take a while in between reading each paragraph to do each step of the exercise.

  1. Count three things you can see. Now, don’t just glance at them, really look at them. For instance, if you can see a plant, look at its colours; see how vibrant or dull they are. Look at the way it might be moving or how the light reflect off the leaves. Look at the intricacies in the shape of the leaves or flowers; if you can see close enough, look at the little veins. Just notice all the little components that make that object up in your eyes.

  1. Count three things you can hear. Listen to the volume of the sounds; are they loud or soft or somewhere in between? Listen to the layers of each individual sound, if they exist. Listen to the pitch of each sound. Listen to the proximity of the sounds; are they near or distant? Just notice these three noises.

Count three things you can hear

  1. Finally, count three things you can touch. Feel them one by one. Perhaps you can touch your hair or some fabric of the clothes you are wearing. Perhaps the smoothness of your computer screen. Whatever you choose, take some time to really feel the texture, the temperature, the pressure on your skin.

That’s it! If you took some time to do this properly, hopefully you now feel a little more grounded and “still”. Many clients of mine have been surprised at how easy and simple it can be to introduce mindfulness practice into your day.

HOW MINDFULNESS CAN HELP

Within the last ten years, there has been a deluge of scientific support for the benefits of mindfulness practice. For generally healthy individuals, mindfulness has been shown to reduce rumination (when you get stuck thinking about the various aspects of upsetting situations); reduce stress; boost working memory; focus better; improve emotional reactivity; enhance cognitive flexibility; help with relationships, and in general, enhance quality of life. [1]

For those with addiction problems in particular, mindfulness-based therapy has been shown to help to decrease the consumption of various substances, including alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana, cigarettes, and opiates to a significantly greater extent than waitlist controls, non-specific educational support groups, and some specific control groups. [II] In particular, mindfulness-based relapse prevention strategies have demonstrated promising results in averting relapse. [III] Mindfulness based therapy has been found to be especially successful in the treatment of depression, stress and anxiety [IV], problems which often co-occur alongside addiction.

FEEDBACK FROM CLIENTS

Subjectively, many of my clients report (after learning about and practicing mindfulness) that they are better able to “stay in the moment”; to notice what’s going on with them in the “here and now” – their thoughts, emotions and physical feelings; and feel calmer day to day.

Is this after a few months? Actually, most report that they notice the benefits in a few days.

In terms of their experiences after leaving treatment, it seems that mindfulness can help clients to become more aware of their triggers, their reactions to certain situations, and their cravings, which can effectively prevent relapse.

There’s nothing to stop you!

Mindfulness is an easy, accessible and enjoyable practice. It’s easy to learn a few basic techniques all by yourself – all it takes are a few Google searches. Some techniques I would recommend trying out are mindful eating (tricky, but satisfying!), mindful walking, and mindful breathing.

[I] http://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/07-08/ce-corner.aspx

[II] Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2014). Are mindfulness-based interventions effective for substance use disorders? A systematic review of the evidence. Substance use & misuse, 49(5), 492-512.

[III] Witkiewitz, K., Lustyk, M. K. B., & Bowen, S. (2013). Retraining the addicted brain: A review of hypothesized neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(2), 351.

[IV] Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., … & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 33(6), 763-771.